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Unit 3: Preposition
Use of some important prepositions:
Use of At:
It is used before clock time, small places, parts of the day, festivals etc.
Examples:
at 10 o'clock, at 5:00 a.m., at night, at midnight, at morning, at evening (but in the morning, in the afternoon, in the night etc.) at Dashain, at Christmas, at Rampur, at Sunrise, at last, at the end, at the beginning, etc.
Use of On:
It is used before the day/date. It is also used if something is hanging or touching on something.
Examples:
on Monday, on Wednesday, on the table, on the floor, on the door, on the wall, on the ceiling, on the 5th of June, on the 6th of Ashoj, on his face, on his nose etc.
Use of In:
It is used before a long period of time (month, year, age, stage, decade, century etc. It is also used to indicate 'inside'.
Examples:
in June, in 2046 B.S., in his childhood, in spring season, in 18th century, in the room, in the pot, in the garden.
It is also used before country, big cities, continents etc.
Examples:
in China, in Nepal, in Pokhara, in Asia, in Africa
Use of At:
It is used to indicate somewhere a place.
Examples:
at the post office, at the bus station, at the airport etc.
Use of For:
It is used before 'period of time' (duration)
Examples:
for ten years, for a long time, for 10 days, for two hours.
Use of Since:
It is used before 'point of time' (starting point/time)
Example:
since Monday, since 1995 etc.
Use of Before: earlier than
Example:
before he went out.
Use of After: later than
Example:
after they had gone.
Use of During: throughout a period of time
Example:
during my holiday, during the festival
Use of Within:
after not more than the specified period of time.
Examples:
within a month, within a week.
Use of By:
not later than; before. It is also used before means of travelling and in passive voice.
Examples:
by next Friday, by six o'clock.
by bus, by plane, by taxi
(but on the bus, in my car, in a taxi etc.)
Use of Till/until: up to the time
Examples:
until 2 o'clock, till next week
Use of Into/Out of:
Examples:
He came into the room.
Ram went out of the house and sat in the garden.
Use of Inside: towards the inner side
Example:
inside the house.
Use of Outside: towards the outer side.
Example:
Outside the room.
Use of Over: up, without touching, covered fully/partly
Examples:
The stars are over us.
Ink has spilt over the cloth.
Use of Under: vertically below.
Examples:
A cat is sitting under the table.
Use of Above: upward
Example:
The bridge is above the river
Use of Below: downward
Example:
The river is below the bridge
Use of From: starting point/time
Examples:
He is coming from school.
He came from America.
Our school starts from 10 o'clock.
Use of To: up to, towards, before destination place.
Examples:
He is going to Pokhara.
He is coming to me.
Use of 'From ......To'
Examples:
We travelled from Palpa to Janakpur
I stay in school from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 P.m.
Use of In: Wearing an article, clothes etc.
Examples:
She is in a red Sari.
Use of 'Of':
It is used with age/nature/character, possession of non-living
Examples:
He died at the age of 25
He is of violent nature.
The roof of the house is strong.
Use of With: having
Examples:
He is coming with a bag in his hand.
I am going to Pokhara with my father.
Use of Through: (by means of)
Example:
The water is coming through the pipes.
Use of Along: from one end to the other
Example:
He is running along the road.
Use of Past: (from one side to the other)
Example:
The car went past my house.
Use of Off: falling down/ being separated.
Example:
He is falling off the tree.
Use of Against: (pressing, pushing)
Example:
He is standing against the tree.
Use of With: (indicating the tool/instrument)
Examples:
He is cutting bread with a knife.
She is writing a letter with a pen.
Use of between: If something is between two people or things.
Example:
Ram is standing between Hari and Gita.
Use of Among: more than two
Example:
My house is among many trees.
Use of Beside: (near)
Example:
Come and sit beside me.
Use of Besides (except):
Example:
I called all my friends besides Ram.
Use of Without: (not having or not with)
Example:
Don't come to school without a pen.
Use of 'Of':
It is also used to express possession, origin or authorship, cause
Example:
The roof of the house
The cover of the book.
He died of cancer.
Some certain words take certain prepositions:
Use 'to' after these words:
blind, close, new, faithful, loyal, fatal, harmful, injurious, hostile, cruel, kind, inferior, superior, liable, obedient, previous, rude, polite, similar, contrary, accustomed, apply, beneficial, curse, detrimental, invite, marry, listen, owe, object, point, reply, useful, surrender, yield, damage, a solution, reaction, a key, an answer, engaged, similar, talk, speak, write (a letter), happen prefer lead, true, due.
Examples:
He was faithful to his parents.
He is listening to music.
Use 'on' after these words:
Insist, spend, depend, rely, concentrate, live, congratulation, dependent, pounce, feed, keen, based.
Examples:
Cows live on grass.
We must not depend on other people.
Use 'at' after these words:
Clever, expert, good, efficient, bad, shocked, skilful, astonished, quick at, prompt, lucky, knock (at/on), stare, look, shout (at/to), laugh, smile, glance, aim, point
Examples:
He is good at English.
I was astonished at his saying.
Use 'from' after these words:
suffer, apart, abstain, borrow, hear, protect, escape, differ, prevent, prohibit, derive
Examples:
He is suffering from a fever.
He prevented me from going out.
Use 'with' after these words:
relationship, a connection, contact, impressed (with/by), bored, fed up, fill, angry, assist, acquaintance, compare, compete, interfere, mix, popular, relation, satisfied
Examples:
I am fed up with his activities.
I am not satisfied with his saying.
Use 'of' after these words:
advantage, disadvantage, cause, a photograph, a picture, a map, a plan, a drawing, afraid, frightened, terrified, scared, fond, proud, ashamed, jealous, envious, suspicious, critical, tolerant, aware, conscious, capable, incapable, full, short, typical, tired, certain, sure, take care, dream of (about), hear, think (of/about), accuse, approve, suspect, die, consist, sick, repent, remind, inform, hopeful, desirous, deprive, devoid, get rid, beware, ahead, weary, terrified, greedy
Examples:
I saw a picture of Lord Gautam Buddha.
The pot is full of water.
Use 'for' after these words:
Prepare, pay, leave, noted, remedy, sorrow, search, send, useful, vote, wait, eager, famous, fit, care, buy, apply (to/for), thank, forgive, apologise, blame, pay, sorry (about/for), demand, cheque, reason, ready
Examples:
He waited for his friend.
He is not fit for this post.
Use 'In' after these words:
Believe, increase, decrease, rise, fall, delight, involve, succeed, interested, versed, experienced, backward, accomplished
Examples:
He doesn't believe in God.
He was interested in playing hockey.
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